Which theory posits that human behavior is motivated by the drive to satisfy basic needs?

• A. Theory of planned behavior
• B. Bowen family systems theory
• C. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• D. Behaviorist theory

Answer: (C)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is the theory that describes human behavior as being motivated by the pursuit of fulfilling basic needs. This concept organizes human needs into a five-tier model, which starts with the most fundamental physiological needs such as food and shelter, and ascends through safety, love and belonging, esteem, and ultimately self-actualization. According to Maslow, individuals are motivated to meet these needs in a specific order; they must satisfy lower-level needs before they can focus on higher-level aspirations.

For instance, a person who is struggling to meet their basic physiological needs will prioritize finding food and shelter over social connections or personal growth. As one progresses through these stages, fulfilling higher-order needs becomes possible once the foundational ones are met. This hierarchical structure not only highlights the motivational aspects of behavior but also reflects how unfulfilled needs can drive individuals towards certain actions and decisions.

Understanding this theory is crucial in psychological and social contexts as it explains why individuals may behave in particular ways based on their current needs and life circumstances.